Early signs and what helps at home and in school
A narrow range of “safe” foods, strong reactions to textures, or needing the same routine every mealtime can all be part of everyday life for a young person with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). But sometimes something else is happening underneath, and because restricted eating can already be part of their profile, a developing eating disorder can easily be missed.
This free toolkit is written by Eating Disorder Therapist Jenny Tomei funded by the National Lottery Community Fund, helps teachers, SENCOs, parents and carers notice changes, get curious about what’s driving them, and know what to do next.
DOWNLOAD THE FREE TOOLKITAutism and Eating Disorders
Research suggests autistic young people experience eating difficulties and eating disorders at higher rates than their peers. The clearest overlap is with ARFID: a 2025 meta-analysis found ARFID in around 11% of autistic groups studied. Autistic young people can also develop anorexia, bulimia and other eating disorders.
Key point: sensory-based eating differences and an eating disorder can coexist. One doesn’t rule out the other.
ADHD and Eating Disorders
Research has also found a higher risk of eating disorders in people with ADHD. Forgetting to eat, impulsivity, difficulty managing big feelings and not noticing hunger can all play a part.
ADHD medication and eating disorders
Stimulant ADHD medication commonly reduces appetite during the day. This can look like restriction, hide a developing eating disorder, or feel like a “benefit” to a young person worried about their weight. Share concerns with the GP or prescriber, and never change medication without medical advice.
What Can Help
Notice changes without commenting on weight or appearance. Keep mealtimes calm and predictable, offer a quieter place to eat, and ask open questions rather than “why won’t you eat that?” Schools don’t need a diagnosis to make reasonable adjustments. A GP is a good first point of contact, and school staff should follow safeguarding procedures if concerns grow.
FAQs: Autism, ADHD and Eating Disorders
What is ARFID disorder?
ARFID (avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder) is an eating disorder where someone restricts food because of sensory sensitivities, fear of choking or vomiting, or low interest in eating, rather than worries about weight or shape.
Is there a link between autism and eating disorders?
Yes. Autistic young people experience eating disorders at higher rates, especially ARFID, but also anorexia, bulimia and others.
Do people with ADHD struggle to eat?
Many do. Forgetting to eat, irregular eating and medication-related appetite loss are common. If eating is causing distress or affecting health, speak to a GP.
Can ADHD medication affect eating disorders?
It can reduce appetite, which may mask or increase eating disorder risk. Always talk to the prescriber before making changes.
Download the Free Toolkit
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